Задание Variant 1 1. Read the text and translate the first and the second passages of the text in writing.
Задумывались ли вы о том времени, когда не было ни радио, и полет казался сном, кино появилось около года назад. Это было время, когда появились первые автомобили. Именно в таком мире в 1895 году немецкий преподаватель Вильгельм Конрад Рентген обнаружил новый вид невидимых лучей. Эти лучи могли пройти через одежду, кожу и плоть и отразить тень костей на фотографической пластине. Вы можете представить впечатление от этого открытия.
Давайте посмотрим, как Рентген дошел до того, чтобы обнаружить эти лучи все-проникновения. Однажды Рентген работал в своей лаборатории с трубой Крукса. Крукс обнаружил , что , если поместить два электрических провода в стеклянную трубку , выкачал из нее воздух и соединил провода с противоположной полярностью в затемненной лаборатории. Он поместил трубку в коробку , сделанную из тонкого черного картона, и подключил ток к трубе . Черный ящик был светостойким, но Рентген заметил странное свечение в далеком углу его лабораторной скамьи. Он отодвинул занавески своего лабораторного окна и нашел, что свечение было из маленького экрана, который лежал в дальнем конце скамьи.
Рентген знал, что лучи катода могли заставить экран светиться. Но он также знал, что лучи катода не могли проникнуть через коробку. Если эффект не происходил из-за лучей катода, какие таинственные новые лучи вызывали его? Он не знал, таким образом, он назвал их рентгеном.
Рентген поместил все виды непрозрачных материалов между источником рентгеновских лучей и экраном. Он обнаружил , что эти лучи прошли через древесину, тонкие листы алюминия, плоть его собственной руки; но они были полностью остановлены тонкими свинцовыми пластинами и частично зашли в кости его руки. Тестирование их эффекта на фотографическую пластину, он обнаружил , что они были затемнены на воздействии рентгена.
Рентген был уверен, что это открытие будет способствовать в пользу науки. Действительно, медицина быстро осознала важность открытия Рентгена. Рентгеновские лучи все чаще используются также и в индустрии.
2. Answer the questions to the text in writing.
1. It was time when there was no radio when flight was dream, and only one year was cinema? It was time when the first cars just appeared. In the world, such as it in 1895 the German teacher Vilkhekn Conrad Rentgen found a new type of invisible beams. 2. He put his Crookes tube in a box made of thin black cardboard and switched on the current to the tube. The black box was light proof, but Roentgen noticed a strange glow at the far corner of his laboratory bench. He drew back the curtains of his laboratory window and found that the glow had come from a small screen which was lying at the far end of the bench. So he called them X-rays. 3. Unknown beams which he found, he called in honor of itself(himself) - X – rays. 4. He found that these rays passed through wood, thin sheets of aluminium, the flesh of his own hand; but they were completely stopped by thin lead plates and partially stopped by the bones of his hand. Testing their effect on photographic plate he found that they were darkened on exposure to X-rays. 5. Indeed, medicine was quick to realize the importance of Roentgen's discovery. The X-rays are increasingly mod in industry as well.
3. Translate into English: 1 . In 1855 Wilhelm Roentgen opened new type of invisible beams which got through various materials. 2 . It placed Kruks's tube in a lightproof box and saw a strange luminescence in a laboratory corner. 3 . As beams known to it couldn't get through a box, is given - no effect unknown to it caused beams; he called their "X-rays". 4 . The X-ray found out that "X-rays" pass through many opaque materials - a tree, aluminum etc., but only partially get through bones of a human body and are late lead plates. 5 . Opening of the X-ray made a big contribution to development of science and all it is more widely used in the industry.
4. ill in the gaps in the following text with the correct form of the words in capitals. I always wanted to be the great SCIENTIST. I had these dreams of detection of new REVOLUTIONARY preparation which will save lives of hundreds people. Unfortunately, I was never very good in CHEMISTRY at school, and I continued to do these awful smells, and the teacher very much became angry in me earlier. After a while I decided that I will become the INVENTOR and the project surprising a new PRODUCT which would become the name, known to each family. My parents were quite encouraging, but told me to be A LITTLE MORE MORE THAN REAL and not absolutely so, than ASPIRATIONS. Some weeks later I had a brilliant idea for the handle, it, the THEORY, will be a writing-down head on heels. To blow up DISAPPOINTMENT of my friend, I defined that it wasn't new DISCOVERY.
5. Read these definitions and choose the words that fit them. A. Those items which make up the environment of an object, substance or organism and which may have an effect on a process in which the object, substance or organism is involved e.g. the presence of oxygen (air) and water are a necessary condition for the rusting of iron. B. A part of a whole is hypothesis if, when removed, the identity of the whole is destroyed, i.e. the whole can no longer be identified, e.g. a wick is essential to a candle because if a wick is removed only a block of paraffin wax is left, which cannot be identified as a candle. C. An idea that is suggested as a possible way of explaining a situation, or proving an idea, etc., which has not yet been shown to be true.???
D. A rule, principle, definition or standard used to test or to assess a statement, fact or object for placing it into a class. E.g. the criterion for assessing speaking ability is both accuracy and fluency. E. Any property we have knowledge of, directly or indirectly, through our senses, e.g. magnetism, mass, atmospheric pressure, electricity or gravitation is a phenomenon
F. The intentional use of the senses for a special purpose, e.g. when a seed is germinated, a student records the observation on the events and the changes in form which take place.
6. Insert the indefinite, definite or zero article depending on whether the meaning is general or particular. The trick is to drop the playing card into a hat resting at your feet. If the card is held vertically when released, it flutters wildly and completely misses the target. Held horizontally, it settles gently, with little wayward motion, directly into the hat. This phenomenon, sometimes displayed with coins dropped in liquids instead of the cards in air, is not only a subject of amusement and bets, but also the topic of considerable interest to researchers studying chaotic dynamics. It has applications in chemical engineering, meteorology, sedimentology and other fields.
7. Read the text below and look carefully at each line. There is a missing word in each line. Only one word is preferable.
Suppose we want to know a certain type of plant grows well in place A but badly in place B. The first thing do is to put forward a possible reason. Scientists call this a hypotheses . The next step is to test this hypothesis to find if it is true or not. This is done by carrying out an testing. Scientists often investigate things first by thinking a hypothesis, and then testing it by observing things by doing experiments. This procedure sometimes called the scientific method.
